Which Aspect Of Domesticating Animals Likely Made The Most Important Change
journal article
The Quarterly Review of Biology
, pp. 1-32 (32 pages)
Published By: The University of Chicago Press
https://world wide web. jstor .org/stable/2827868
Since the survival and well-being of humankind is and then inextricably bound to our domestic animals and plants, it is important that we understand the domestication process and its biological consequences. The objective of this review is to hash out available information on the biological basis of animal domestication, with particular emphasis on behavior. Domestication concerns adaptation, which is usually to a captive surroundings and which is achieved by some combination of genetic changes occurring over generations, every bit well as past environmentally induced changes in development that recur during each generation. Genetic changes will occur in population of organisms undergoing domestication as a consequence of both adventure and of any shift in selection pressures accompanying the transition from nature to captivity. In improver to changes in gene frequencies, accommodation to the captive environment may exist facilitated by sure recurring ecology events or management practices that influence the development of specific biological traits. It is difficult to generalize near the effects of domestication on either genetic or phenotypic variability because of different selection pressures on dissimilar traits and species. However, it is apparent that, with respect to beast behavior, domestication has influenced the quantitative rather than qualitative nature of the response. The postulated loss of certain beliefs patterns under domestication tin normally be explained past a heightening of response thresholds above normal levels of stimulation. Conversely, lowered thresholds of response frequently can be accounted for past constant exposure to certains forms of stimulation. Sure behaviors may accept been altered because of man'southward part equally a buffer between the animal and its environment. One of the more of import behavioral changes accompanying the domestication process is a reduction in responsiveness to changes in the beast's environment. Nutrient provisioning and man's control over the breeding process have reduced competition for important resources, and thus take permitted selection for the retentiveness of juvenile characteristics (neotony). Feralization is the domestication process in contrary. The chapters of domestic animals to survive in nature may depend on the extent to which the gene pool of the population has been altered during the domestication procedure. "Natural" gene pools should exist protected when convenance wild animals in captivity for the purpose of reestablishing gratuitous-living natural populations.
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Source: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2827868
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